Ñambi Rimai

Collective Media for Indigenous Solidarity
An Indigenous media production collective making film, radio, and multimedia projects about issues of land dispossession and the importance of traditional knowledge and stewardship

Context

Across South America, logging, mining, and agro-businesses dispossess local people of their land and undermine cultures, knowledges, and ways of life that are closely connected with the land. Many such industries are foreign owned and, as such, extract vast financial wealth only to leave ecosystems, communities, and domestic economies depleted. In the face of such exploitation, many Indigenous peoples preserve and use these traditional land-based knowledges every day, including the Nasa, Awa, Inga, Kamënstá, Quillacinga, and Siona nations of Southwest Colombia. Since the time of the Spanish invasion, and through waves of subsequent European and North American domination, these peoples have suffered extensive colonial and neocolonial violence against their cultures, lands, and natural resources, as well as paramilitary violence and civil war.

Beyond losses of land and natural resources, another aspect of dispossession faced by Indigenous communities concerns Colombia’s media culture. As North American and European powers impose economic dependency, they also import media and broadcast cultures that dominate Colombian ones in what has been dubbed a foreign hegemony on the popular imagination.1For more on foreign cultural hegemony and Colombian screen culture, see David Michael John Wood, “Revolution and Pachakuti: Political and Indigenous Cinema in Bolivia and Colombia”. (Thesis, King’s College, University of London, 2005); Jorge Silva, “Colombia: La Memoria Popular: Entrevista Con Martha Rodríguez y Jorge Silva”. Cine al Dia 22 (November 1977), pp. 18-22. Such a system leaves little room for a home-grown Colombian mediascape that adequately accounts for the country’s hundreds of Indigenous groups. Where are local productions, imageries, voices, and ways of knowing?

Practice

Creating a media landscape of direct relevance and use to Indigenous people was precisely what the Inga collective Ñambi Rimai started doing in 2019. They saw collective filmmaking as an important step in achieving self-determination, communicating the importance of reclaiming land and natural resources, and raising consciousness about geopolitical injustices against Indigenous groups that further exacerbate the climate crisis through logging, mining, and industrialised agriculture.2See Pooja Rangan. Immediations: The Humanitarian Impulse in Documentary (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2017), p. 55.

Ñambi Rimai operate as an NGO with charity funding and is run collaboratively by 10 Inga leaders. They hold workshops, share facilities for producing radio, film and multimedia productions, and offer exchanges and field trips to neighbouring reservations in order to share skills and information. Ñambi Rimai also arrange researchers’ workshops with international partners, including Forensic Architecture and Central Saint Martins in London, with an eye to educating others in Indigenous knowledge.

In an extension of this outreach, the Inga have created a University of the Territory which aims to educate people in Inga language and ways of life (sumak kawsay, or living a good life – buen vivir – in harmony with nature). This aspect is important in overcoming a power differential that often plays out in so-called collaborative cultural production between Indigenous and non-Indigenous or foreign partners, whereby the elision of practical, methodological, political, and aesthetic perspectives under a banner of participation can be reductive.3Marta Rodriguez, who founded La Fundacion Cine Documental in 1971 (southwestern Colombia, working on making films with Nasa, Coconuco and other nations in the 1980s), represents Colombia in The Latin American Council of Cinema and Communication of Indigenous Peoples. A major reason Ñambi Rimai are able to sidestep such reductive participatory methods is because films are made with and primarily for other Inga and neighbouring groups, not international audiences.4Of interest in this context of self-representation is an anthropological experiment in 1966, when the US anthropologists Sol Worth, John Adair, and Richard Chalfen travelled to Pine Springs, Arizona, where they taught a group of Navajo students to make documentary films. There has been much debate over the ethics of “teaching them” methods of documentary representation, and questions were raised over whose perspectives and narrative approaches were adopted. For more on this, see Pooja Rangan. Immediations: The Humanitarian Impulse in Documentary (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2017).

Ñambi Rimai’s collaboration beyond Inga across different Indigenous communities helps create solidarity in a local area subjected to centuries of exploitation, and suggests a mode of localised outreach applicable to other regions whose populations belong to diverse racial, ethnic, cultural or linguistic groups— MST in Brazil constitutes a kindred organisation in this respect.5For example, a twenty-minute film from 2019, Norelly, documents the life of a young Inga leader to offer other Inga an example of youthful leadership and future possibilities for solidarity. Norelly, the young protagonist, is the granddaughter of an Inga leader. During the film she describes growing up during one of the most violent periods of Colombia’s recent history and witnessing her family’s struggle to protect its ancestral heritage and medicinal knowledge of local plants. Like many Indigenous teenagers, Norelly is pulled between two cultures and ways of life. Without formalised Indigenous schools, and with the strong influence of western societies, Norelly works hard to incorporate Inga cultural traditions into everyday life. Her commitment to resisting external oppression is both a chronicle and a clarion call for Indigenous solidarity through contemporary media. Ñambi Rimai’s embrace of contemporary technology and media infrastructures makes it appealing and relevant to younger generations, especially as its productions can travel to increase international visibility. This embrace of digital media and the internet helps media collectives elsewhere too, including Australia’s Karrabing Film Collective. Ñambi Rimai’s work indicates the importance of understanding the global mediascape as an extension of geographic and built space, and of localising it to serve the common good in situated contexts that are so often marginalised.

Notes

  • 1
    For more on foreign cultural hegemony and Colombian screen culture, see David Michael John Wood, “Revolution and Pachakuti: Political and Indigenous Cinema in Bolivia and Colombia”. (Thesis, King’s College, University of London, 2005); Jorge Silva, “Colombia: La Memoria Popular: Entrevista Con Martha Rodríguez y Jorge Silva”. Cine al Dia 22 (November 1977), pp. 18-22.
  • 2
    See Pooja Rangan. Immediations: The Humanitarian Impulse in Documentary (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2017), p. 55.
  • 3
    Marta Rodriguez, who founded La Fundacion Cine Documental in 1971 (southwestern Colombia, working on making films with Nasa, Coconuco and other nations in the 1980s), represents Colombia in The Latin American Council of Cinema and Communication of Indigenous Peoples.
  • 4
    Of interest in this context of self-representation is an anthropological experiment in 1966, when the US anthropologists Sol Worth, John Adair, and Richard Chalfen travelled to Pine Springs, Arizona, where they taught a group of Navajo students to make documentary films. There has been much debate over the ethics of “teaching them” methods of documentary representation, and questions were raised over whose perspectives and narrative approaches were adopted. For more on this, see Pooja Rangan. Immediations: The Humanitarian Impulse in Documentary (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2017).
  • 5
    For example, a twenty-minute film from 2019, Norelly, documents the life of a young Inga leader to offer other Inga an example of youthful leadership and future possibilities for solidarity. Norelly, the young protagonist, is the granddaughter of an Inga leader. During the film she describes growing up during one of the most violent periods of Colombia’s recent history and witnessing her family’s struggle to protect its ancestral heritage and medicinal knowledge of local plants. Like many Indigenous teenagers, Norelly is pulled between two cultures and ways of life. Without formalised Indigenous schools, and with the strong influence of western societies, Norelly works hard to incorporate Inga cultural traditions into everyday life. Her commitment to resisting external oppression is both a chronicle and a clarion call for Indigenous solidarity through contemporary media.

External links

Abya Yala a term that refers to the American continent in its totality